Detection and treatment strategies of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Fate of PFAS through DPSIR framework analysis

Per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), regarded as “forever chemicals”, are a class of emerging contaminants occurring worldwide that pose many serious environmental issues to water quality and human health. The presence strong carbon?fluorine bonds in their backbone physicochemical properties offer them resistance restrict from breaking down into simple compounds the environment. There challenges be addressed detection removal In this comprehensive review, Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework has been proposed understand PFAS source emission impacts on We reviewed various methodologies for monitoring levels analytical techniques quantification know levels. scope treatment technologies developed implemented have also critically discussed. future perspectives PFAS, including reduction framing regulatory policies faced when moving towards sustainable future, focused.